The Global Cuts Frame Standard
When moving from standard definition quality like NTSC and PAL to High Definition and Ultra Definition Standards there is also a demand for a standard how to archive and deliver this kind of quality. There are occasions where there are a demand for higher quality covered by HD standards like 720p, 1080i or 1080Psf. In these cases, we deliver whole clips frame by frame using existing high-definition files, such as Kodak Cineon Image Format (*.CIN) files, Targa (TGA) sequence files, Photoshop Sequences or tagged image file format (TIFF) sequence files. When we have a reason to offer you to work with image sequences it is specified among the other information about that certain clip. You also have to chose the option "Frames" from the drop down list "Select System". Please check the Kodak Theatre HD footage as an example.
Introduction to 2K and 4K Scans
Scanning resolution is one key issue when it comes to scanner performance. Many tests and demonstrations have been done to show the ultimate resolution of film. Most scanning is currently carried out at 2K resolution, i.e. the image is sampled with 2048 pixels per line. For comparison, HDTV has 1920 pixels per line. 4K (4096 pixels per line) scans are sometimes performed for VFX and some productions, Spider Man 2 for example, have been done entirely in this format. Comparing of the digital files, a 4K scan definitely contains more details than a 2K scan. To guarantee that all details from the scene are captured a 4K scan is necessary. The trade-offs are scanning time per frame, data transfer times, and processing costs.
The ARRISCAN scans with a native resolution of 3K or 6K and produces in this manner an oversampled image for 2K or 4K output resolution.
On the recording side spatial resolution is also an issue, since it must be guaranteed that the digital 2K or 4K files can be transferred onto film without any losses. The ARRILASER fulfills highest demands by recording out high quality 4K files in the unsurpassed speed of 2.9 s/frame.
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The 10-bit RGB Cineon File Format
Color processing may make banding visible where the tonal variation of the original image appears to be smooth. Therefore, scans with a higher bit depth than 8 bits are needed as source for the color correction. To achieve a good compromise between file size and dynamic range, the Cineon format has been introduced by Kodak in the early 1990s. Until today it is a commonly used file format for film scans. It uses 10 bits per channel, which equals 1024 levels, and linearly encodes the densities of the negative above base.
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